The only important exception in modern legal systems is litigation to obtain a declaratory judgment. But even that is usually undertaken to facilitate or make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions, or in circumstances where by convention it is respected as if it were an ordinary enforcement or remedial action.
主要是对第二句话的理解。想请教老师我的下述理解是否正确?
课堂上讨论的结论是:
1.这句话可以分为两个部分,第一个部分是“that is usually undertaken to facilitate or make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”
在这一部分中,that为主语,undertaken为谓语,to后面跟两部分,首先是“facilitate……action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”,其次是“make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”,这两部分并列,以or相连。其中,后一部分有语序变化,即由于“action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”过长,将unnecessary提前,原来的表达应该是“make action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions unnecessary”。
2.第二个部分是that is usually undertaken……in circumstances where by convention it is respected as if it were an ordinary enforcement or remedial action。
这个部分里,where引导定语,修饰circumstances。“as if”为虚拟语气。
因此,按照这种理解,第二句翻译为“但即使是这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(that,这里的that的指代是根据语义来理解的,不影响句子翻译)通常也是为了便利要求执行、救济或制裁的诉讼,或者为了使得这种诉讼变得没有必要;这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(that)也可能在这样的境况下被实施,即按照惯例,这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(it)得到了人们的认真对待(respect),好像这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(it)是一种普通的要求强制执行或救济措施的诉讼。”